Nhgri Fy 2011 Congressional Justification

NHGRI FY 2011 Justification of Estimates for Congressional Appropriations Committee

• Organization Chart
• Appropriation Language
• Amounts Available for Obligation
• Budget Mechanism Table
• Budget Authority by Activity
• Major Changes in Budget Request
• Summary of Changes
• Budget Graphs
• Justification Narrative
• Budget Authority by Object
• Salaries and Expenses
• Authrorizing Legislation
• Appropriations History
• Detail of Full-Time Equivalent Employment (FTE)
• Detail of Positions
• New Positions Requested

Organization Chart

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Appropriation Language

For carrying out section 301 and title IV of the Public Health Services Act with respect to human genome research [$516,028,000] $533,959,000 (Public Law 111-117, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010.)

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Amounts Available for Obligation ^1/

Sources of Funding	FY 2009 Actual	FY 2010 Enacted	FY 2011 PB
Appropriation	$502,367,000	$516,028,000	$533,959,000
Type 1 Diabetes	0	0	0
Rescission	0	0	0
Supplemental	0	0	0
Subtotal, adjusted appropriation	502,367,000	516,028,000	533,959,000
Real transfer under Director's one-percent transfer authority (GEI)	4,911,000	0	0
Real transfer to Global Fund to fight HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis	0	0	0
Comparative transfer to NLM for NCBI, Public Access	-106,000	-152,000	0
Comparative transfer under Director's one-percent transfer authroity (GEI)	-4,911,000	0	0
Comparative transfer to the Global Fund to fight HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis	0	0	0
Comparative transfer from DHHS for Autism	0	0	0
Subtotal, adjusted budget authority	502,261,000	515,876,000	533,959,000
Unobligated balance, start of year	0	0	0
Unobligated balance, end of year	0	0	0
Subtotal, adjusted budget authority	502,261,000	515,876,000	533,959,000
Unobligated balance lapsing	-68,000	0	0
Total obligations	502,193,000	515,876,000	533,959,000

1/   Excludes the following amounts for reimbursable activities carried out by this account:
FY 2009 — $51,321,000    FY 2010 — $52,290,000    FY 2011 — $78,290,000.
Excludes $247,328 in FY 2009; $116,985 in FY 2010; and $166,862 in FY 2011 for royalties.

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Budget Mechanism Table

MECHANISM FY 2009 Actual FY 2009 Recovery Act Actual FY 2010 Recovery Act Estimated FY 2010 Enacted FY 2011 PB Change Research Grants: No. Amount No. Amount No. Amount No. Amount No. Amount No. Amount Research Projects:         Noncompeting 167 $96,903 0 $0 44 $33,267 168 $108,797 133 $91,937 (35) -$16,860       Administrative supplements (36) 15,127 (56) 35,533 (17) 6,732 (21) 8,663 (22) 10,522 (1) 1,859       Competing:                                    Renewal 14 15,513 0 0 0 0 15 15,969 23 24,432 8 8,463            New 51 24,020 45 34,507 1 2,075 51 24,976 76 38,213 25 13,237            Supplements 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                Subtotal, competing 65 39,533 45 34,507 1 2,075 66 40,945 99 62,645 33 21,700                Subtotal, PRGs 232 151,563 45 67,040 45 42,074 234 158,405 232 165,104 (2) 6,699 SBIR/STTR 25 11,060 1 198 3 925 24 10,983 25 11,022 1 39            Subtotal, RPGs 257 162,623 46 67,238 48 42,999 258 169,388 257 176,126 (1) 6,738 Research Centers:                               Specialized/comprehensive 24 153,748 1 4,220 0 0 21 151,976 22 156,552 1 4,576       Clinical research 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0       Biotechnology 19 34,302 0 5,650 0 0 17 40,828 18 42,057 1 1,229       Comparative medicine 0 839 0 0 0 0 0 700 0 700 0 0       Research Centers in Minority Institutions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0            Subtotal, Centers 43 188,889 1 9,870 0 0 38 193,504 40 199,309 2 5,805 Other Research:                               Research careers 8 1,815 0 0 0 0 8 1,842 8 1,897 0 55       Cancer education 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0       Cooperative clinical research 0 0 0 0 1 926 0 0 0 0 0 0       Biomedical research support 0 0 0 0 2 4,385 0 0 0 0 0 0       Minority biomedical research support 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0       Other 14 709 0 0 0 0 14 720 14 742 0 22            Subtotal, Other Research 22 2,524 0 0 3 5,311 22 2,562 22 2,639 0 77       Total Research Grants 322 354,036 47 77,108 51 48,310 318 365,454 319 378,074 1 12,620 Research Training: FTTPs Amount FTTPs Amount FTTPs Amount FTTPs Amount FTTPs Amount FTTPs Amount       Individual awards 14 571 0 0 0 0 14 577 14 609 0 32       Institutional awards 155 6,971 0 0 0 0 155 7,041 155 7,433 0 392       Total, Training 169 7,542 0 0 0 0 169 7,618 169 8,042 0 424 Research & development contracts 16 15,460 0 0 0 0 16 15,649 16 16,214 0 565            (SBIR/STTR) (0) (18) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (18) (0) (18) (0) (0)   FTEs Amount FTEs Amount FTEs Amount FTEs Amount FTEs Amount FTEs Amount Intramural research 246 103,092 0 488 0 147 243 104,639 254 107,987 11 3,348 Research management and support 81 22,131 1 287 1 695 80 22,516 84 23,642 4 1,126 Construction   0   0   0   0   0   0 Building and Facilities   0   0   0   0   0   0            Total, NHGRI 327 502,261 1 77,883 1 49,152 323 515,876 338 533,959 15 18,083

Includes FTEs which are reimbursed from the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research.

FTTP = Full-time temporary equivalent
FTE = Full-time equivalent

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Budget Authority by Activity

FY 2007 Actual FY 2008 Actual FY 2009 Actual FY 2009 Comparable FY 2010 Enacted FY 2011 PB Change   FTEs Amount FTEs Amount FTEs Amount FTEs Amount FTEs Amount FTEs Amount FTEs Amount Extramural Research (Detail):                             Basic Genomics                                 Large-scale Sequencing   $105,029 $70,073 $41,884 $41,884 $35,000 $25,000 -10,000     Medical Sequencing   11,006 26,261 31,000 31,000 38,870 44,681 5,811     The Cancer Genome Atlas   5,846 16,945 34,000 34,000 35,000 43,000 8,000     Genomic Function   59,201 56,764 54,478 54,919 55,490 57,433 1,943     Genomic Variation   11,538 13,109 16,406 16,406 16,711 17,296 585     Computational Genomics   45,000 46,276 49,871 49,871 50,798 52,576 1,778     Technology Development   47,658 45,475 45,561 45,561 46,408 48,032 1,624 Other Basic Genomics   58,314 57,977 57,211 57,653 58,273 60,315 2,042 Translational Genomics   29,599 32,909 32,563 27,088 33,168 34,329 1,161 ELSI   18,628 18,175 18,656 18,656 19,003 19,668 665          Subtotal, Extramural   391,819   383,964 381,630 377,038 388,721 402,330 13,609 Intramural research 217 97,775 228 99,402 246 103,115 246 103,092 243 104,639 254 107,987 11 3,348 Research management and support 69 18,662 75 22,037 81 22,533 81 22,131 80 22,516 84 23,642 4 1,126          TOTAL 286 508,256 303 505,403 327 507,278 327 502,261 323 515,876 338 533,959 15 18,083

Includes FTEs which are reimbursed from the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research

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Major Changes in Fiscal Year 2010 Budget Request

Major changes by budget mechanism and/or budget activity detail are briefly described below. Note that there may be overlap between budget mechanism and activity detail and these highlights will not sum to the total change for the FY 2011 budget request for NHGRI, which is $18.083 million more than the FY 2010 Enacted level, for a total of $533.959 million.

Research Project Grants (RPGs) (+$6.738 million, total $176.126 million):The NIH Budget policy for RPGs in FY 2011 provides a two percent inflationary increase in noncompeting awards and a two percent increase in the average cost for competing RPGs. NHGRI will support a total of 257 Research Project Grant (RPG) awards in FY 2011. Noncompeting awards will decrease by 35 awards and $16.860 million. Competing RPGs will increase by 33 awards and $21.700 million. NHGRI will continue to support new investigators and to maintain an adequate number of competing RPGs.

Research Centers (+$5.805 million; total $199.309 million): The FY 2011 budget policy provides a three percent increase. The number of research centers is expected to increase by two to 40 in FY 2011.

Comparative Genomic Sequencing (-$10 million; total $25 million): This decrease represents a continuation of on-going reprioritization and is balanced by increases in the Medical Sequencing and The Cancer Genome Atlas large scale sequencing components (see below). This will allow the Institute to devote a larger proportion of the overall large-scale sequencing effort in FY 2011 to projects directed toward understanding disease.

Medical Sequencing (+$5.811; total $44.681 million): Medical sequencing continues to be an area of growth for the NHGRI. With large-scale sequencing now completely transitioned to the next-generation sequencing instruments, many new opportunities have been created to apply genomic tools to the study of human disease and the application of that information to the development of new approaches to disease management.

The Cancer Genome Atlas (+$8 million; total $43 million): Now in its full-scale production phase, the TCGA effort will be generating enormous amounts of data that will change the face of cancer research. The increase in FY2011 is necessary to maintain the pace of the program, which received significant support from ARRA funds in FY 2009 and FY 2010.

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Summary of Changes

FY 2010 estimate $515,876,000 FY 2011 estimated budget authority 533,959,000          Net change 18,083,000 CHANGES 2010 Current Estimate Base Change from Base FTEs Budget Authority FTEs Budget Authority A. Built-in:             1. Intramural research:                a. Annualization of January 2010 pay increase   $34,005,000   $206,000          b. January FY 2011 pay increase   34,005,000   357,000          c. Zero less days of pay (n/a for 2011)   34,005,000   0          d. Payment for centrally furnished services   14,417,000   288,000          e. Increase cost of laboratory supplies, materials, and other expenses   56,217,000   916,000          Subtotal       1,767,000     2. Research management and support:                  a. Annualization of January 2010 pay increase   $11,272,000   $68,000          b. January FY 2011 pay increase   11,272,000   118,000          c. Zero less days of pay (n/a for 2011)   11,272,000   0          d. Payment for centrally furnished services   1,011,000   20,000          e. Increase cost of laboratory supplies, materials, and other expenses   10,233,000   169,000          Subtotal       375,000          Subtotal, Built-in       2,142,000 B. Program:             1. Research project grants:                a. Noncompeting 168 $117,460,000 (35) ($15,001,000)          b. Competing 66 40,945,000 33 21,700,000          c. SBIR/STTR 24 10,983,000 1 39,000                Total 258 169,388,000 (1) 6,738,000     2. Research centers 38 193,504,000 2 5,805,000     3. Other research 22 2,562,000 0 77,000     4. Research training 169 7,618,000 0 424,000     5. Research and development contracts 16 15,649,000 0 565,000                Subtotal, extramural       13,609,000   FTEs   FTEs       6. Intramural research 243 104,639000 11 1,581,000     7. Research management and support 80 22,516,000 4 751,000                Subtotal, program   515,876,000   15,941,000                Total changes 323   15 18,083,000

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Fiscal Year 2011 Budget Graphs

History of Budget Authority and FTEs:

Distribution by Mechanism:

Changes by Selected Mechanism:

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Justification Narrative

Authorizing Legislation:

Section 301 and title IV of the Public Health Service Act, as amended.

Budget Authority:

FY 2009 Omnibus FY 2010 Appropriation FY 2011 President's Budget FY 2011 +/- 2010 Appropriation BA $502,261,000 $515,876,000 $533,959,000 +$18,083,000 FTE 327 323 338 +15

This document provides justification for the Fiscal Year (FY) 2011 activities of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), including HIV/AIDS activities. Details of the FY 2011 HIV/AIDS activities are in the "Office of AIDS Research (OAR)" Section of the Overview. Details on the Common Fund are located in the Overview, Volume One. Program funds are allocated as follows: Competitive Grants/Cooperative Agreements; Contracts; Direct Federal/Intramural and Other.

DIRECTOR'S OVERVIEW

In 2003, the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) oversaw the completion of the Human Genome Project, one of the most ambitious collaborative scientific achievements in history. In the years that have followed, NHGRI has built on that initial success by supporting research to increase understanding of the human genome, drive down the cost of sequencing, and apply the new knowledge and genomic tools to improve preventive and therapeutic health strategies. In this way, NHGRI is creating the necessary framework for a future in which genomic medicine plays a significant role in the health and wellbeing of the nation.

Both independently and in conjunction with other Institutes and Centers, NHGRI continues to support genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that have uncovered many genetic factors associated with common diseases. These are a vital step in the pathway that leads from the Human Genome Project to a future in which genomic medicine is commonplace.

The Genes, Environment and Health Initiative (GEI) is building tools and a knowledge base to allow better understanding of the interplay of the genome with environmental factors (ranging from diet to physical activity to exposure to pollutants) in health. GEI is examining this interplay in some of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the Nation, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, as well other conditions such as lung cancer and addiction.

NHGRI's Medical Sequencing Program is currently gathering genomic sequence data from individuals to gain more information about specific genes and their relationship to disease. The NHGRI-funded sequencing centers across the country are advancing understanding of common diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, as well as rarer ones. Gaining a better understanding of the genetic underpinnings of disease and of individual disease predispositions will translate to better treatments for tens of millions of Americans.

In addition to funding studies that elucidate the functions of our genomes and how they influence our health, NHGRI has driven development of revolutionary new technologies that are lowering the price and increasing the speed with which we can read genetic data. NHGRI's funding of technology development has reduced sequencing costs over 100 fold since 2004, when an individual's complete genome sequence cost about $10 million. By the end of 2009, it cost less than $50,000. The "$1000 Genome Project" is on track to reduce whole genome sequencing costs to a fraction of even that, so that genetic analysis will be no more expensive than many routine medical tests. Although vendors of DNA sequencing instruments or services publicly describe their costs of generating a human genomic sequence as $10,000 or even less, these figures generally represent only the cost of the actual reagents (supplies) used in the sequencing process. However, the actual costs must be the focus of the reduction. The actual costs are referred to as "fully loaded costs", i.e., what it actually takes to produce useful data, including reagents, personnel, instrument amortization, facilities and other overhead costs, and computational analysis. Seventeen groups of scientists are funded as part of NHGRI's technology development effort, which was singled out as NHGRI's Signature Project for funding under the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, due to its significance for the broader NHGRI and NIH portfolios. The ability to sequence many more genomes faster and cheaper brings a new set of challenges. Chief among these is coping with the huge datasets that are generated, since each genome represents many gigabytes of information. Thus, NHGRI is funding projects to create the computational genomic tools necessary to store, assemble, and analyze the data, as well as to share those results with the scientific community to maximize the return on the public's investment in this research.

NHGRI's population genomics programs are helping to explore the use of electronic health records to integrate genomic information into routine clinical care. Coupled with several NHGRI-funded pharmacogenomics studies (studies of how individual genetic variations affect drug metabolism) that will be launched soon, these efforts have the potential to assist clinicians in prescribing the right drug for the right patient and to reduce adverse drug reactions. The ability to know in advance whether or not a particular drug will be ineffective or have a greater potential for an adverse drug event in a particular individual should improve health and reduce healthcare costs. NHGRI-funded pharmacogenomics studies will examine hormone therapy's effects on cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, vitamin therapy to prevent stroke, chemotherapy for breast cancer, and statin therapy for high cholesterol levels.

Programs such as these will create the knowledge and tools to allow individual patients to use their genetic information in the clinic, but NHGRI is also working to ensure that novel and effective therapeutics are available. There are nearly 7,000 rare disorders, but pharmaceutical development has ignored the vast majority due to the low economic incentive in the private sector to assume the high risk and high cost of drug development for diseases that affect relatively few people. Similarly, many diseases with profound public health impact in the developing world are neglected because of the low prospect for return on the investment in drug development for them. The NIH Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases program, or TRND, is a program created in May 2009 and operated by NHGRI to help address this problem. In synergy with the NIH Chemical Genomics Center (also operated by NHGRI), the two programs comprise the first integrated drug development pipeline to produce new treatments for rare and neglected diseases.

Beyond the scourge of rare and neglected diseases, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other common conditions that challenge the industrialized world are increasingly global in their impact. The NHGRI-administered Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health (CRGGH) is helping address these issues, using genomic tools to understand the interplay between obesity, hypertension, and diabetes in different human populations, with a focus on African-American and African populations. Findings from CRGGH will inform discussions about health disparities, whether between different ethnic groups in the United States or between nations.

Throughout all these programs, NHGRI is helping to train the next generation of scientists and scientist-clinicians through its funding for Centers of Excellence in Genomic Science and Centers for Excellence in Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications Research. Through these basic, translational, clinical, and educational efforts, NHGRI is moving us rapidly closer to a day when personalized medicine is a literally lifesaving and commonplace reality.

Overall Budget Policy: The FY 2011 request for NHGRI is $533.959 million, an increase of $18.083 million or +3.5 percent over the FY 2010 Enacted level. NHGRI is increasing funding for Medical Sequencing and The Cancer Genome Atlas while proportionally decreasing funding for Comparative Genomics Sequencing. This will allow the NHGRI to devote a larger proportion of the overall large-scale sequencing effort in FY 2011 to projects directed toward understanding disease. Funds are included in R&D contracts to support several trans-NIH initiatives, such as the Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases program (TRND), the Basic Behavioral and Social Sciences Opportunity Network (OppNet), and support for a new synchrotron at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, as well as increased support for other HHS agencies through the program evaluation set-aside. In FY 2011, NHGRI will support new investigators on R01 equivalent awards at success rates equivalent to those of established investigators submitting new R01 equivalent applications.

EXTRAMURAL RESEARCH

Basic Genomics

Large-scale Sequencing

Among the primary objectives of contemporary biomedical research are to define how the human genome functions, understand how its malfunctions lead to specific diseases, and use that knowledge to develop new preventive strategies, diagnostic methods, and therapies. The NHGRI extramural program provides a unique window into these questions for the entire biomedical research enterprise. By supporting the development and use of high throughput methods to produce high quality, large datasets comprising both comprehensive descriptions of the human genome sequence in healthy and diseased individuals, and the genomes of other organisms, NHGRI supports research across all disease states by researchers around the world.

Comparative Genomic Sequencing

The Comparative Genomic Sequencing program generates genomic sequence data from many sources to further understanding of the human genome by revealing its functional components. Comparison of the genome sequence of humans with those of both closely and distantly related organisms identifies regions of similarity and difference. Such comparisons can identify similar regions of genomes that can be inferred to have been preserved throughout evolution because they are involved in critical biological functions, while regions of differences can be inferred to be associated with human-specific functions. Such knowledge can lead to insights into the evolution, structure, and function of human genes and can point to new paths to combat human disease. Currently, the genomes of 197 organisms are either in the sequencing pipeline or have been completely sequenced using NHGRI funding. Ongoing sequencing targets include non-human primates and other mammals; fungi, including multiple strains of yeast; and other disease-causing organisms, such as parasites and their host vectors. NHGRI funds this work in three large-scale sequencing centers that are worldrenowned for their cost effective, high quality work. Recent highlights of this sequencing program include the publication of the genome of domestic cattle, the first livestock mammal to have its genetic blueprint sequenced and analyzed.

Budget Policy: The FY 2011 budget estimate for Comparative Genomic Sequencing is $25.000 million, a decrease of $10.000 million or -28.6 percent over the FY 2010 Enacted level. This decrease represents a continuation of on-going reprioritization and is balanced by increases in the Medical Sequencing and The Cancer Genome Atlas large-scale sequencing components (see below), so that the total amount of NHGRI spending on large-scale sequencing will remain constant. This will allow the Institute to devote a larger proportion of the overall large-scale sequencing effort in FY 2011 to projects directed toward understanding disease, specifically, Medical Sequencing (see below) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (see below). The activity in Comparative Genomic Sequencing will continue the NHGRI's signature efforts to generate the genomic sequence data from many sources; these data represent a key resource which, along with other data sets such as those from the ENCODE and modENCODE projects (see below), are needed to reveal the functional components of the human genome.

Medical Sequencing

NHGRI's medical sequencing program was initiated in 2006 to drive continued improvement in DNA sequencing technologies and to produce data critical for biomedical research. A number of studies currently are underway to identify the genes responsible for several relatively rare disorders; to survey the range of gene variants that contribute to certain common diseases; to better characterize the genomic regions containing genetic components underlying many common diseases, such as diabetes, breast cancer, schizophrenia, and Crohn's disease; and ,in collaboration with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), to sequence the genomes of important human pathogens, such as those that cause malaria and sleeping sickness, and their invertebrate vectors. Recently, NHGRI reached one of the goals of its Sequencing Technology Program (see below), using next-generation sequencing technologies to sequence the complete genome of an individual for approximately $100,000. Anticipated continued decreases in this cost will make it increasingly affordable to sequence samples from a large number of patients, not only in gene regions, but across the entire genome.

Budget Policy: The FY 2011 budget estimate for Medical Sequencing is $44.681 million, an increase of $5.811 million or 14.9 percent over the FY 2010 Enacted level. Medical sequencing continues to be an area of growth for the NHGRI. With large-scale sequencing now completely transitioned to the next-generation sequencing instruments, many new opportunities have been created to apply genomic tools to the study of human disease and the application of that information to the development of new approaches to disease management. In FY 2011, the NHGRI will continue to increase the proportion of its Large-Scale Sequencing program funds that support Medical Sequencing component. Many of the new opportunities will be pursued in collaboration with other NIH ICs.

The Cancer Genome Atlas

All cancers are diseases of the genome, as they result from DNA mutations and epigenetic changes that lead to uncontrolled cell growth. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), a collaborative program of NHGRI and the National Cancer Institute, applies NHGRI's unprecedented capability for genomic analysis to the problem of cancer by developing a comprehensive catalog of the many genomic alterations that occur in major types of cancer, and rapidly providing these data to the research community. Taking advantage of recent advances in genomic characterization technologies, tumor and matched normal tissue samples can be analyzed for gene mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, copy number variation, gene expression alteration, and changes in epigenetic modifications. In its pilot phase, TCGA met several objectives, mostimportantly the demonstration of the feasibility and value of a genomic analysis of the genomes of specific tumor types. TCGA's first undertaking, which focused on brain cancer, demonstrated in FY 2009 the technical feasibility and potential clinical utility of large-scale, multi-dimensional analysis of cancer genomes. Comprehensive characterization of ovarian cancer, the second tumor type tackled by TCGA, is opening new avenues of research for diagnosis and treatment of this devastating disease. With successful completion of the pilot phase in 2009, TCGA is expanding, with a plan to investigate 20 to 25 additional tumor types by 2015.

Budget Policy: The FY 2011 budget estimate for TCGA is $43.000 million, an increase of $8.000 million or 22.9 percent over the FY 2010 Enacted level. Now in its full-scale production phase, the TCGA effort will be generating enormous amounts of data that will change the face of cancer research. The increase in FY2011 is necessary to maintain the pace of the program, which received significant support from ARRA funds in FY 2009 and FY 2010.

Genomic Function

NHGRI supports research to identify and characterize the function of all parts of the genome and to understand their biological relevance. Efforts to uncover functional elements are not limited to the human genome, since understanding the genomes of other, "model," organisms can also give insight into the structure and function of the human genome. The major activities in this area are the ENCODE and modENCODE projects. ENCODE, the ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements, is an international research consortium organized by the NHGRI to identify all functional elements in the human genome. Until recently, most studies of genome function have focused on the small fraction of the genome that contains protein-coding genes, overlooking the many other parts of the human genetic blueprint important to biological function. ENCODE is designed to take advantage of new analytical technologies, including next-generation sequencing, that can be applied at high throughput to identify all of the coding and noncoding (regulatory) elements in the human genome. The data, as with other NHGRI resource projects, are made available rapidly, prior to publication, through the ENCODE Data Coordination Center and other public databases. Analysis of the data is ongoing and promises to lead to new ways of thinking about the genome that will result in an enhanced understanding and improvement of human health. The Model Organism ENCODE (modENCODE) Project extends the ENCODE approach to two model organisms that are widely used in biomedical research, the fruit fly, and the round worm. The introduction of next-generation sequencing technology into both the ENCODE and modENCODE projects has resulted in a dramatic increase in the amount and quality of data without a significant increase in cost. The data that the modENCODE project produces already are providing important insights into the biology of these organisms, as well as providing a valuable tool for comparative studies aimed at understanding human biology.

Budget Policy: The FY 2011 budget estimate for Genomic Function is $57.433 million, an increase of $1.943 million or 3.5 percent over the FY 2010 Enacted level. Activity in Genomic Function will remain essentially constant, maintaining the proportion of the NHGRI extramural budget devoted to this area. One reason why this can be done is that the introduction of next-generation sequencing technology has enabled a significant increase in the amount of data generated without an increase in cost. The Institute also will continue to fund meritorious investigator-initiated applications submitted in response to announcements that encourage new technologies and new approaches to the analysis of genomic function.

Genomic Variation

Although the genome sequence variation between two people is less than one percent, this tiny difference underlies a variety of observable characteristics ranging from the benign, such as hair or eye color, to disease, such as diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer's, or heart disease. NHGRI began the comprehensive, genome-wide mapping of human variation by leading the International HapMap Project, which charted the common patterns of genetic variation in the world's population, specifically the single letter spelling variations in our genome's alphabet known as single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs. To get an even more detailed description of human genetic variation, the 1,000 Genomes Project is sequencing the genomes of approximately 1,200 people from around the world to produce a new map of the human genome that will provide a view of biomedically relevant DNA variations at a very high resolution. As with other major human genome reference projects, data from the 1,000 Genomes Project will be made swiftly available to the worldwide scientific community through freely accessible public databases. In addition, larger scale genomic variants, involving a few thousand to more than a million bases, are now thought to be a significant cause of disease. NHGRI has initiated several projects to characterize such "structural variation" in the human genome. Moreover, significant information about human structural variation will result from the 1,000 Genomes project..

Budget Policy: The FY 2011 budget estimate for Genomic Variation is $17.296 million, an increase of $585 thousand or 3.5 percent over the FY 2010 Enacted level. Activity in Genomic Variation will remain essentially constant, maintaining the proportion of the NHGRI extramural budget devoted to this area. The primary emphasis within this program will be on the full-scale implementation of the 1000 Genomes Project, which has expanded to include the analysis of structural variation in the human genome in light of the increasing amount of evidence that structural variants contribute significantly to human disease. The Institute also will continue to fund meritorious investigatorinitiated applications submitted in response to announcements that encourage new technologies and new approaches to the analysis of genetic variation, and the role that genetic variation plays in the determination of human disease, disease susceptibility, and environmental sensitivities.

Computational Genomics

New genomic methods, such as next generation sequencing, along with attempts to correlate sequence data with other biological data, have led to a rapid rise in the volume and complexity of genomic data. As the costs of generating genomic data continue to decrease in the future, the rate of data production will increase even more rapidly, and the effort required to manage the data and make them available to the entire scientific community will increase significantly. NHGRI supports a program in computational genomics research to develop new computational methods that will facilitate the acquisition, analysis, and dissemination of the data generated in genome-wide studies. Through this program, NHGRI supports the development of new technologies and new analytical approaches to the emerging challenge of how to analyze the enormous amount of data generated by large-scale, genomic studies and how to make such large datasets available to the broad research community. NHGRI will continue its support for genomic databases because these are essential resources that link biological data to genome sequence information and are utilized worldwide to accelerate biomedical research. Along with these resources, NHGRI will continue to encourage investigatorinitiated research to develop robust software tools to improve on the utility of these genomic databases and the ability to analyze genomic data.

Budget Policy: The FY 2011 budget estimate for Computational Genomics is $52.576 million, an increase of $1.778 million or 3.5 percent over the FY 2010 Enacted level. Activity in Computational Genomics will remain essentially constant, maintaining the proportion of the NHGRI extramural budget devoted to this area. Effort will be directed to increasing the efficiency of data storage and distribution mechanisms, as the amount of data that needs to be processed has increased significantly with the introduction of next-generation sequencing and other new genomic technologies. In FY 2011, the NHGRI will continue its support for the essential biomedical research resource represented by genomic databases. The Institute also will continue to fund meritorious investigator-initiated applications submitted in response to announcements that encourage new technologies and new approaches to the rapidly emerging issue of public access to large genomic datasets.

Technology Development

The mission of NHGRI's technology development programs is to make DNA sequencing and other genomic analyses faster and more cost effective for use in medical research and, eventually, health care. The cost of DNA sequencing has fallen dramatically, by a factor of more than 100, over the past decade and continues to fall due, in large part, to research supported by NHGRI. The ability to sequence an individual genome inexpensively would not only further biomedical research, but would enable health care professionals to tailor diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies to each person's own genetic profile. After the completion of the Human Genome Program, NHGRI continued to support the development of new technology, and in 2004 started a program to drive sequencing costs down from approximately $10 million for a genome the size of the human to $100,000 within five years. In 2009, that goal was exceeded. To do so, NHGRI funded seventeen teams of investigators who worked toward those goals, several of whom also participated in private sector efforts with similar goals. But $100,000 per genome does not put sequencing into the realm of a diagnostic technology, so NHGRI is continuing its sequencing technology development efforts. Now the majority of effort is to achieve another 100-fold reduction in cost, to $1,000 or less for a high quality sequence of a human genome. Seventeen groups of investigators are actively supported to work toward that goal, and in FY 2009 ten new awards or extensions of existing awards were made to accelerate progress.

Budget Policy: The FY 2011 budget estimate for Technology Development is $48.032 million, an increase of $1.624 million or 3.5 percent over the FY 2010 Enacted level. The NHGRI will continue in FY 2011 its ground-breaking efforts to reduce the cost of DNA sequencing so that this technology, which is increasingly become central to biomedical research, can become a widely disseminated research tool and, beyond that, a tool for individual healthcare. The Institute also will continue to fund meritorious investigator-initiated applications submitted in response to announcements that encourage the development of new technologies for biomedical and translational research.

Other Basic Genomics

Multi-investigator, interdisciplinary research teams that can use and expand the data sets and technologies developed by the Human Genome Project are crucial to develop novel and innovative genomic research projects and to foster the wider application of comprehensive, high-throughput genomics methods to the study of human biology and disease. Started in FY 2001, the NHGRI's Centers of Excellence in Genomic Science (CEGS) program supports the formation of such teams and provides focal points across the country to provide education and training about genomic research opportunities to members of under-represented population groups. In FY 2009, NHGRI announced grants to establish two new CEGS (one focused on psychiatric conditions and a second on regulation of the expression of genes during health and disease) and renewed support of two CEGS (one studying epigenetic changes and the other variations found in the human population and how these are related to disease).

Budget Policy: The FY 2011 budget estimate for Other Basic Genomics is $60.315 million, an increase of $2.042 million or 3.5 percent over the FY 2010 Enacted level. In FY 2011, the NHGRI will continue to support the CEGS program in its efforts to stimulate highly innovative research approaches that will substantially advance genomic approaches to the study of a biological problem, and to foster the wider application of comprehensive, high-throughput genomics methods to the study of human biology and disease. The Institute will also continue to fund meritorious investigator-initiated applications that will increase the ability of genomics to have a major impact on the progress of biomedical and translational research.

Population Genomics

NHGRI is strongly committed to translating the information gleaned from studies of genomic function and variation into clinical applications. Diseases arise from a complex interplay between genes and environment; therefore, DNA variations, regulatory elements, and external factors acting "on" the genome must all be considered in diagnosing and treating patients. Understanding this interplay will revolutionize our approach to health and health care, allowing not only much more accurate prediction of disease, but, ultimately, individually-based disease prevention and treatment. In FY 2009, Genes, Environment and Health Initiative (GEI) programs in functional and translational studies and systems biology took the first steps in determining the role of GWA-defined genetic variants in disease, and using that information in clinical care. An FY 2010 GEI project is aimed at identifying all the genetic variants, even those that are quite rare, in a region of GWA-defined association through extensive sequencing in large numbers of individuals. Another "bench to bedside" translational research project is an innovative study, in collaboration with the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, to evaluate the use of genetic variants to personalize the dosing of a commonly-used and potentially risky medication, warfarin. Ongoing population genomics projects initiated in FY 2007 examine the unique challenges and opportunities for conducting genomic research presented by biorepositories linked to electronic medical records (EMR), and the development of standardized disease and exposure measures for this research. In particular, using EMR to define diseases and exposures in standardized ways can greatly accelerate genomic research in routine clinical care and the translation of that research to direct clinical applications. In FY 2008, NHGRI initiated a four-year, $31 million project to gain a better understanding of how specific genetic variants identified by GWA and similar studies act to influence the risk of diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and other common diseases. Scientists have already discovered more than 400 genetic variants in association with over 100 diseases and clinical traits such as cancer, cholesterol levels, and lipid levels. In FY2009, the NHGRI expects to announce a major new program to identify genetic variants associated with treatment response, using GWA in randomized clinical trials.

Budget Policy:The FY 2011 budget estimate for Population Genomics is $34.329 million, an increase of $1.161 million or 3.5 percent over the FY 2010 Enacted level. Activity in Population Genomics will remain essentially constant, maintaining the proportion of the NHGRI extramural budget devoted to this area. The NHGRI will continue in FY 2011 to support this area of research as the combination of advances in genomics with cutting-edge approaches to population studies remains of very high programmatic interest as an important strategy for addressing problems of human health. The Institute also will continue to fund meritorious investigator-initiated applications, and to collaborate with other NIH Institutes/Centers in the area of population genomics.

Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications

As the use of genetics and genomics in translational and clinical studies continues to increase, the importance of addressing the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of the results of genetic and genomic research will grow as well. NHGRI addresses such issues through its ELSI Research Program and through public consultation and community engagement activities that identify and respond to culturally specific concerns and provide participating communities opportunities for input into the design of genetic and genomic research. An important component of the ELSI program is the Centers of Excellence in ELSI Research (CEERs) program. The CEERs were established to: 1) foster the multi-disciplinary approaches necessary to make advances in understanding the issues that progress in genomic science will raise, 2) conduct ELSI research to inform the development of research, health, and public policies and practices and, 3) train the next generation of ELSI researchers. Four CEERs were originally established around the country in FY 2004 and in FY 2008 two new centers were funded. In FY 2010, the original Centers are applying for competitive renewal, which will provide NHGRI with an excellent opportunity to assess accomplishments of the CEER program and determine the on-going role that this component will play in the Institute's ELSI program.

Budget Policy: The FY 2011 budget estimate for ELSI is $19.668 million, an increase of $665 thousand or 3.5 percent over the FY 2010 Enacted level. The ELSI budget is legislatively mandated at 5.0 percent of the total NHGRI extramural budget. In FY 2010, the NHGRI will continue to support the ELSI research program in its efforts to anticipate and address the social, legal, and ethical issues that will arise from new information about the human genome and the genetic contribution to human disease, and new approaches to applying that information to the improvement of human health.

INTRAMURAL RESEARCH

Researchers within the NHGRI Division of Intramural Research continue to identify and characterize the genetic components of both rare and common diseases. NHGRI research groups have recently identified a gene containing variants associated with an increased susceptibility to lung cancer in family members with a history of the disease and made similar important advances in unraveling the genetic basis for melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer. NHGRI intramural investigators plan to continue expanding their collective focus on translational research in FY 2011. One notable advance in this area is a transdisciplinary program to characterize fully the complete set of microbes growing on human skin (the skin microbiome). Meanwhile, two NHGRI intramural clinical genomics initiatives are reaching a mature and productive stage. The first, called ClinSeq, is a pilot study aimed at developing the technologic and procedural infrastructure to facilitate large-scale genome sequencing in a clinical research setting. The second, called Multiplex, is a study intended to evaluate patients' reactions to genetic susceptibility testing for several common health conditions. Together, these two initiatives are providing a foundation for studies in genetic-based personalized medicine. The NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, a clinical research program to study patients with mysterious conditions that have long eluded diagnosis, is now in full stride; over 2,350 inquires have already been evaluated for potential participation and over 100 patients have been admitted into the program.

Budget Policy: The FY 2011 budget estimate for Intramural Research is $107.987 million, an increase of $3.348 million or +3.2 percent over the FY 2010 Enacted level. This increase will facilitate growth in four major areas: (1) The addition of 2-3 new Tenure-Track/Tenured Investigators working in cancer genetics, human genetics, and social and behavioral research, who will arrive at the end of FY 2010 following rigorous searches and recruitments; (2) The addition of personnel to strengthen the Institute's translational and clinical research programs. This will include the recruitment of additional physician-scientists and other health professionals with expertise in clinical research. It also includes continued growth of our flagship intramural clinical genomics projects ClinSeq and growth to support the Undiagnosed Diseases Program; (3) Continued acquisition and implementation of 'next-generation' technologies for performing large-scale DNA sequencing. Genomics continues to see major growth in terms of new methods for obtaining very large amounts of DNA sequence data at lower costs. The NHGRI Intramural Program will continue to implement these powerful new DNA sequencing technologies in FY 2011. This is requiring substantial expansion of computational infrastructure as well as increased bioinformatics and computational staffing. Note that these new technologies are increasingly being applied to clinical research projects; and (4) Continued growth of a trans-disciplinary program to explore the skin's microbiome-- all of the genomes of the microbes that inhabit human skin. This effort will help to define the delicate balance between our own cells and the millions of bacteria and other single-celled microbes that live on the skin's surface, one of the body's first lines of defense against illness and injury.

 

RESEARCH MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT

NHGRI's Office of the Director, part of the RMS program, oversees the operation of the Institute and includes a number of component parts. Major ongoing initiatives for which the Office of the Director provides key leadership and financial support include National DNA Day, the U.S. Surgeon General's Family History Initiative, and the development of genetics education resources for health professionals. DNA Day is an annual opportunity to educate students about genetics and genomics and to use this cutting edge field to spark their interest in science. The U.S. Surgeon General's Family History Initiative is a coordinated multi-agency effort to encourage all American families to learn more about their family health history and to employ it in preventive health care. To expand the initiative's reach and public benefit, NHGRI continues to collaborate across federal agencies to enhance the family history tool's capabilities and to engage in demonstration projects to develop evidence regarding the tool's utility, including as part of electronic health records. Projects to promote the public's awareness and participation in the initiative will also be pursued. NHGRI is taking a leadership role in facilitating the development, pilot testing, and dissemination of interdisciplinary webbased genetics educational resources for all health care professionals.

Budget Policy: The FY 2011 budget estimate for research management and support is $23.642 million, an increase of $1.126 million or 5.0 percent over the FY 2010 Enacted level. In FY 2011, the NHGRI plans to continue to develop ongoing initiatives for which the Office of the Director provides leadership and financial support. Such programs within the Office of Policy, Communication, and Education include National DNA Day, the U.S. Surgeon General's Family History Initiative, and outreach and informational resources for the general public through community and web-based activities. In addition, the NHGRI is enhancing the Risk Management Program, which includes business process reengineering, setting up new procedures and tools to ensure our continued prudent use of RMS funds. RMS funds will be used to continue funding the activities mentioned above to support the infrastructure that allows the NHGRI to pursue and achieve its mission.

NIH COMMON FUND ROADMAP INITIATIVES

NHGRI is the lead Institute for the Connectivity Map supported through the NIH Common Fund. In addition, NHGRI is a co-lead for the Common Fund-supported Molecular Libraries initiatives, including: 1) NIH Chemical Genomics Center (NCGC); 2) Cheminformatics Computing Centers (virtual synthesis, virtual screening, other applications, and R&D on new tools); and, 3) Robotics/Instrumentation Technology Development. NHGRI also co-leads the new Common Fund-supported Human Microbiome Project. An early example of the kind of work that can be expected from NCGC was the discovery of a possible therapy for schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease that affects more than 200 million people in the developing world. Working with researchers from Illinois State University, NCGC's high-throughput screening assays discovered that a class of compounds called oxadiazoles possesses the ability to inhibit a certain enzyme that is essential for the Schistosoma parasites to survive. The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) is a trans-NIH program that aims to expand upon traditional microbiology and discover what microbial communities exist in different parts of the human body and how they might change with disease. In a healthy adult, the number of microbial cells outnumbers those of the human host, but remarkably little has been known until now about how these microbes behave in vivo. HMP makes use of a metagenomic approach that reveals data about entire human-associated microbial communities. In 2009, data gathered by an NHGRI-led team revealed unexpected bacterial diversity on human skin that, it is hoped, will lead to advances in understanding a range of disorders, such as eczema, psoriasis, and acne.

 

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Budget Authority by Object

FY 2010 Estimate FY 2011 PB Increase or Decrease Total compensable workyears:             Full-time employment 323 338 15       Full-time equivalent of overtime and holiday hours 1 1 0       Average ES salary $171,595 $173,997 $2,402       Average GM/GS grade 12.1 12.1 0.0       Average GM/GS salary $95,747 $96,727 $980       Average salary, grade established by act of July 1, 1944       (42 U.S.C. 207) $94,236 $95,556 $1,320       Average salary of ungraded positions 170,555 174,510 3,955 OBJECT CLASS FY 2010 Estimate FY 2011 PB Increase or Decrease       Personnel Compensation:       11.1  Full-time permanent $16,077,000 $17,171,000 $1,094,000 11.3  Other than full-time permanent 14,476,000 15,452,000 976,000 11.5  Other personnel compensation 666,000 712,000 46,000 11.7  Military personnel 435,000 464,000 29,000 11.8  Special personnel services payments 4,333,000 4,624,000 291,000       Total, Personnel Compensation 35,987,000 38,423,000 2,436,000 12.0  Personnel benefits 8,850,000 9,449,000 599,000 12.2  Military personnel benefits 440,000 470,000 30,000 13.0  Benefits for former personnel 0 0 0       Subtotal, Pay Costs 45,277,000 48,342,000 3,065,000 21.0  Travel and transportation of persons 2,121,000 2,156,000 35,000 22.0  Transportation of things 170,000 168,000 4,0000 23.1  Rental payments to GSA 2,000 2,000 0 23.2  Rental payments to others 13,000 13,000 0 23.3  Communications, utilities and miscellaneous charges 499,000 510,000 11,000 24.0  Printing and reproduction 57,000 58,000 1,000 25.1  Consulting services 1,271,000 1,306,000 35,000 25.2  Other services 12,488,000 12,862,000 374,000 25.3  Purchase of goods and services from government accounts 59,487,000 60,580,000 1,093,000 25.4  Operation and maintenance of facilities 453,000 460,000 7,000 25.5  Research and development contracts 1,079,000 1,215,000 136,000 25.6  Medical care 1,161,000 1,176,000 15,000 25.7  Operation and maintenance of equipment 2,539,000 2,576,000 37,000 25.8  Subsistence and support of persons 0 0 0 25.0  Subtotal Other Contractual Services 78,478,000 80,175,000 1,697,000 26.0  Supplies and materials 10,123,000 10,260,000 137,000 31.0  Equipment 6,002,000 6,091,000 89,000 32.0  Land and structures 0 0 0 33.0  Investments and loans 0 0 0 41.0  Grants, subsidies and contributions 373,072,000 386,116,000 13,044,000 42.0  Insurance claims and indemnities 0 0 0 43.0  Interest and dividends 0 0 0 44.0  Refunds 0 0 0       Subtotal, Non-Pay Costs 470,599,000 485,617,000 15,018,000       Total Budget Authority by Object 515,876,000 533,959,000 18,083,000

Includes FTEs which are reimbursed from the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research

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Salaries and Expenses

OBJECT CLASSES FY 2010 Enacted FY 2011 PB Increase or Decrease Personal Compensation:             Full-time permanent (11.1) $16,077,000 $17,171,000 $1,094,000       Other than full-time permanent (11.3) 14,476,000 15,452,000 976,000       Other personnel compensation (11.5) 666,000 712,000 46,000       Military personnel (11.7) 435,000 464,000 29,000       Special personnel services payments (11.8) 4,333,000 4,624,000 291,000 Total Personnel Compensation (11.9) 35,987,000 38,423,000 2,436,000 Civilian personnel benefits (12.1) 8,8507,000 9,449,000 5994,000 Military personnel benefits (12.2) 440,000 470,000 30,000 Benefits to former personnel (13.0) 0 0 0 Subtotal, Pay Costs 45,277,000 48,342,000 3,065,000 Travel (21.0) 2,121,000 2,156,000 35,000 Transportation of things (22.0) 232,000 236,000 4,000 Rental payments to others (23.2) 13,000 13,000 0 Communications, utilities, and miscellaneous charges (23.3) 499,000 510,000 11,000 Printing and reproduction (24.0) 57,000 58,000 1,000 Other Contractual Services:             Advisory and assistance services (25.1) 1,271,000 1,306,000 35,000       Other services (25.2) 12,488,000 12,862,000 374,000       Purchases from government accounts (25.3) 38,906,000 39,617,000 711,000       Operation and maintenance of facilities (25.4) 453,000 460,000 7,000       Operation and maintenance of equipment (25.7) 2,539,000 2,576,000 37,000       Subsistence and support of persons (25.8) 0 0 0 Subtotal Other Contractual Services 55,657,000 56,821,000 1,164,000 Supplies and materials (26.0) 10,116,000 10,253,000 137,000 Subtotal, Non-Pay Costs 68,695,000 70,047,000 1,352,000 Total, Administrative Costs 113,972,000 118,074,000 4,417,000

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Authorizing Legislation

PHS Act/ Other Citation U.S. Code Citation 2010 Amount Authorized FY 2010 Estimate 2011 Amount Authorized FY 2011 PB Research and Investigation Section 301 42§241 Indefinite $515,876,000 Indefinite $533,959,000 National Human Genome Research Institute Section 402(a) 42§281 Indefinite Indefinite Total, Budget Authority 515,876,000   533,959,000

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Appropriations History

Fiscal Year Budget Estimate to Congress House Allowance Senate Allowance Appropriations 1/ 2002 426,739,000 423,454,000 440,448,000 429,515,000 Rescission       (757,000) 2003 458,182,000 458,182,000 468,037,000 468,037,000 Rescission       (3,042,000) 2004 478,072,000 478,072,000 482,372,000 482,222,000 Rescission       (3,149,000) 2005 492,670,000 492,670,000 496,400,000 492,670,000 Rescission       (4,062,000) 2006 490,959,000 490,959,000 502,804,000 490,959,000 Rescission       (4,910,000) 2007 482,942,000 482,942,000 486,315,000 486,491,000 Rescission       0 2008 484,436,000 493,996,000 497,031,000 495,434,000 Rescission       (8,655,000) Supplemental       2,589,000 2009 487,878,000 504,603,000 501,411,000 502,367,000 Rescission       0 2010 509,594,000 520,311,000 511,007,000 516,028,000 Rescission       0 2011 533,959,000

1/ Reflects enacted supplementals, rescissions, and reappropriations.

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Detail of Full-Time Equivalent Employment (FTEs)

Office/Division FY 2009 Actual FY 2010 Enacted FY 2011 PB Office of the Director 10 10 10 Office of Administrative Management 23 22 24 Office of Policy, Communications and Education 12 12 13 Division of Intramural Research 246 243 254 Division of Extramural Research 36 36 37 Total 327 323 338 Includes FTEs which are reimbursed from the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research FTEs supported by funds from Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (0) (0) (0) Fiscal Year Average GM/GS Grade 2007 12.0 2008 12.1 2009 12.1 2010 12.1 2011 12.1

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Detail of Positions

GRADE FY 2009 Actual FY 2010 Enacted FY 2011 PB Total, ES Positions 2 2 2 Total, ES Salary 335,080 343,189 347,994 GM/GS-15 26 26 26 GM/GS-14 16 17 18 GM/GS-13 47 52 52 GS-12 49 49 50 GS-11 17 17 17 GS-10 2 2 2 GS-9 12 12 12 GS-8 19 19 23 GS-7 2 2 2 GS-6 0 0 0 GS-5 0 0 0 GS-4 0 0 0 GS-3 1 1 1 GS-2 0 0 0 GS-1 0 0 0 Subtotal 191 197 203 Grades established by Act of July 1, 1944 (42 U.S.C. 207):       Assistant Surgeon General 0 0 0 Director Grade 4 4 4 Senior Grade 2 2 2 Full Grade 0 0 0 Senior Assistant Grade 2 2 2 Assistant Grade 0 0 0 Subtotal 8 8 8 Ungraded 158 158 167 Total permanent positions 201 207 222 Total positions, end of year 359 365 380 Total full-time equivalent (FTE) employment, end of year 327 323 338 Average ES salary 167,540 171,595 173,997 Average GM/GS grade 12.1 12.1 12.1 Average GM/GS salary 93,150 95,747 96,727

Includes FTEs which are reimbursed from the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research.

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New Positions Requested

FY 2011 Grade Number Annual Salary Senior Staff Scientist Title 42 9 $171,000 Grants Management Specialist GS-14 1 $126,000 Program Policy Analyst GS-12 1 $88,000 Administrative Support Staff GS-8 2 $58,000 Purchasing Agent GS-8 1 $58,000 Administrative Technician GS-8 1 $58,000 Total Requested   15

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Last Reviewed: February 22, 2012