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Infographic

Among the 24 chromosomes that make up the human genome, the Y chromosome is unique for its highly repetitive structure. Scientists are studying the Y and its unusual features to better understand human health and disease.

… Among the 24 chromosomes that make up the human genome, the Y chromosome is unique for its highly repetitive … of sexual development, but other genes throughout the genome play a role. This complex process gives rise to the … … Among the 24 chromosomes that make up the human genome, the Y chromosome is unique for its highly repetitive …

For Teachers

DNA from the Beginning Lesson Plan

Lesson plan based on an award-winning DNA from the Beginning website, an animated primer on the basics of DNA, genes and heredity.

Policy Issues

Human Subjects Research

Federally-funded research with human participants must comply with regulations that protect the rights and welfare of the participants.

… including the complete sequencing of the human genome and identification of genetic markers for human … than ever before. These datasets can be used for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that identify specific genomic …

News Release

NHGRI welcomes 2015 ASHG/NHGRI education and public policy fellows

Cari Young and Julie Nadel join NHGRI as public policy and education fellows.

… said. In September, Ms. Young will join the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) as the 14th American … Program in Baltimore, Maryland. During her undergraduate studies at Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio, Ms. Young … conduct research on RNA, DNA hybrid structures and genome-wide datasets at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. …

Fact Sheets

Transcriptome Fact Sheet

A transcriptome is a collection of all the gene readouts present in a cell.

… of all the gene readouts present in a cell. … The human genome is made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), a long, … may enable researchers to generate a comprehensive, genome-wide picture of what genes are active in which cells. …

Fact Sheets

The Cost of Sequencing a Human Genome

Estimated cost of sequencing the human genome over time since the Human Genome Project.

… have led to substantial reductions in the cost of genome sequencing. The underlying costs associated with … (see Figure 1). With the growing scale of human genetics studies and the increasing number of clinical applications … the latter number represents the total U.S. funding for a wide range of scientific activities under the HGP's umbrella …

Healthcare Provider Genomics Education Resource

Genomics FAQ for Entry-level Nurses

Genomics plays a role in every area of nursing, whether nurses are at the bedside providing one-on-one care, treating entire populations, teaching the next generation of nurses, or making discoveries in the lab.

… University of Northern British Columbia … American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) defines … conditions or health habits that may affect a patient’s genome. Help families find answers to rare and common … (GC3) : a set of unfolding, interactive genomic case studies that allows participants to interview patients and …

Fact Sheet

Participation in Genomic Research

Participation in genomics research is essential for improving the health of everyone.

… come from differences in our DNA sequences. The human genome is more than 3 billion letters long, which means that … represented in genomics research. The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) is working to enhance the … reflect the full spectrum of human populations in genomic studies, researchers can identify genomic variants associated …

Fact Sheets

DNA Sequencing Costs: Data

Data used to estimate the cost of sequencing the human genome over time since the Human Genome Project.

… For many years, the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) has tracked the costs … for establishing the DNA sequencing capacity of the NHGRI Genome Sequencing Program. Here, NHGRI provides an analysis … sequence of a specified quality [see below]; (2) "Cost per Genome" - the cost of sequencing a human-sized genome. For …

Fact Sheet

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is an essential molecule that performs many roles in the cell, from carrying the instructions to make proteins to regulating genes.

… different RNA molecules from the same gene in the genome. When mRNAs are alternatively spliced, mRNAs from the … RNA of retrotransposons to stop them from moving. Some studies have shown that retrotransposons have played … Tests that look at RNA might help doctors detect a wide range of diseases, from tuberculosis to some cancers , …