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Fact Sheet

Genomic data science is a field of study that enables researchers to use powerful computational and statistical methods to decode the functional information hidden in DNA sequences.

… and statistical methods to decode the functional information hidden in DNA sequences. Estimates predict that … sequence DNA has far outpaced our ability to decipher the information it contains, so genomic data science will be a … carries with it a set of ethical responsibilities, as information about a person's genome sequence is associated …

15 Ways Genomics Influences Our World

Social Context

Genomics is fostering an appreciation for what our DNA means for our health, identities and culture.

… many issues regarding the social context of genomics. Information about our genomes is starting to become part of our everyday life. Genomic information shapes societal messages about DNA in how we … of your parents, and half with each of your children, the information is not just about your genome. Should you be able …

Fact Sheets

DNA Sequencing Costs: Data

Data used to estimate the cost of sequencing the human genome over time since the Human Genome Project.

… at the sequencing centers funded by the Institute. This information has served as an important benchmark for … every two years (See: Moore's Law [wikipedia.org]). Technology improvements that 'keep up' with Moore's Law are … summarized here and depicted on the two graphs. Additional information about the other activities performed by the …

Fact Sheet

Eugenics and Scientific Racism

Eugenics is the scientifically erroneous and immoral theory of “racial improvement” and “planned breeding,”

… were aware of how past eugenic movements used genetic information to ostracize historically marginalized groups and … whether employers or insurance companies could use genomic information to discriminate against specific individuals. … about whether generating an increasing amount of genomic information in the prenatal setting would lead to new …

Policy Issues

Health Disparities

NHGRI wants to ensure that all populations benefit from the advances of genomics research.

… legal and social issues including utilization of genomic information, access to genomic services, and how genomics is … dialogue about how innovations in genomics research and technology can help address health disparities. Topics range … Search and Health Disparities & Minority Health Information Resources NLM National Information Center on …

Fact Sheet

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is an essential molecule that performs many roles in the cell, from carrying the instructions to make proteins to regulating genes.

… from the archive. The DNA stores all the necessary information for an organism, and the RNA replicates and distributes pieces of this information as needed. … How is RNA made? RNA molecules are … This results in a strand of RNA that carries the information encoded in the DNA, and this information helps …

For Patients and Families

Pharmacogenomics FAQ

Pharmacogenomics combines the science of how drugs work, called pharmacology, with the science of the human genome, called genomics.

… The FAQ contains outdated information. Please refer to the Pharmacogenomics Fact Sheet for more up-to-date information. Pharmacogenomics uses information about a person's genetic makeup, or genome, to …

Fact Sheet

Human Genomic Variation

Genomic variation accounts for some of the differences among people, including important aspects of their health and susceptibility to diseases.

… of these letters (i.e., the DNA sequence) encodes the information that instructs each cell what to do and when to … Without additional analyses, that process does not provide information about the parental origin of each genomic … professionals are increasingly learning how to use information about patients’ genomic variants to manage their …

Fact Sheet

Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Genomics

With increasing complexity in genomic data, researchers are turning to artificial intelligence and machine learning as ways to identify meaningful patterns for healthcare and research purposes.

… algorithm takes a dataset and finds patterns and critical information by imitating how a human brain’s neurons interact … tools that can handle, extract and interpret the valuable information hidden within this large trove of data. …

For Teachers

Your Genome & You Infographic

The Your Genome & You infographic introduces the basics of genetics and genomics, and how the science impacts our lives.

… Provides tools, resources, and curriculum about genomics, technology, and the impact of genomics. Other Resources …