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Fact Sheets

Estimated cost of sequencing the human genome over time since the Human Genome Project.

… have led to substantial reductions in the cost of genome sequencing. The underlying costs associated with different … … Significant scrutiny and attention have been given to genome-sequencing costs and how they are calculated since the …

15 Ways Genomics Influences Our World

DNA Sequencing

Advances in genomics are reducing the cost of genome sequencing by a million-fold.

… Advances in genomics are reducing the cost of genome sequencing by a million-fold. … Did you know that your genome contains about six billion individual building blocks …

Educational Resources

Shotgun Sequencing

Shotgun sequencing is a laboratory technique for determining the DNA sequence of an organism's genome.

… Shotgun Sequencing … Shotgun sequencing is a laboratory technique for determining the DNA sequence of an organism's genome. … Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), DNA Sequencing, Genome, Human Genome Project … Shotgun sequencing is a …

The Genomics Landscape

20 years later, genomicists remember the draft human genome sequence

In the July 2020 edition of The Genomics Landscape, NHGRI Director Eric Green recalls the White House event announcing the draft human genome sequence.

… announce the completion of a draft sequence of the human genome. The ceremony took place in the East Room of the White … gathered to celebrate a major milestone for the Human Genome Project. This historic landmark for biomedical … had also accomplished a series of other goals, including sequencing the genomes of a set of model organisms. In fact, …

Fact Sheets

DNA Sequencing Costs: Data

Data used to estimate the cost of sequencing the human genome over time since the Human Genome Project.

… For many years, the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) has tracked the costs associated with DNA sequencing performed at the sequencing centers funded by the … for establishing the DNA sequencing capacity of the NHGRI Genome Sequencing Program. Here, NHGRI provides an analysis …

Talking Glossary

Human Genome Reference Sequence

The genome reference sequence provides a general framework and is not the DNA sequence of a single person.

… Human Genome Reference Sequence … The genome reference sequence provides a general framework and is not the DNA sequence of a single person. … A human genome reference sequence is an accepted representation of …

About Genomics

Human Genome Project Results

In 2003, an accurate and complete human genome sequence was finished two years ahead of schedule and at a cost less than the original estimated budget.

… In 2003, an accurate and complete human genome sequence was finished and made available to scientists … and researchers two years ahead of the original Human Genome Project schedule and at a cost less than the original … the project took on a wide range of other goals, from sequencing the genomes of model organisms to developing new …

The Genomics Landscape

The human genome sequence is now complete

In the April 7, 2022 edition of The Genomics Landscape, NHGRI Director, Eric Green, M.D., Ph.D., highlights the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) consortium's publishing of a collection of papers that reported the first truly complete sequence of the human genome.

… significance of their results. … In 2003, the Human Genome Project ended with the generation of an essentially complete sequence of the human genome. The project took the practical approach of using the best-available technologies for sequencing DNA and pushing them to their absolute limits. In …

Educational Resources

DNA Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a laboratory technique used to determine the exact sequence of bases (A, C, G, and T) in a DNA molecule.

… DNA Sequencing … DNA sequencing is a laboratory technique used to determine the … understanding the function of genes and other parts of the genome. There are now several different methods available for …

Fact Sheets

Comparative Genomics Fact Sheet

Comparative genomics is a field of biological research in which researchers compare the complete genome sequences of different species.

… researchers use a variety of tools to compare the complete genome sequences of different species. By carefully comparing … of years - is an important step toward understanding the genome itself. It pinpoints genes that are essential to life … biology of living things have changed over time. As DNA sequencing technology becomes more powerful and less …