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Fact Sheets
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that contains the biological instructions that make each species unique.
… Each DNA sequence that contains instructions to make a protein is known as a gene. The size of a gene may vary … are involved in regulating when, how and how much of a protein is made. … DNA's instructions are used to make … blocks of proteins. This language tells the cell's protein-making machinery the precise order in which to link …
Fact Sheets
Epigenomics is a field in which researchers chart the locations and understand the functions of all the chemical tags that mark the genome.
News Release
Grants are awarded to GTEx project to explore human gene expression and regulation in different tissues, and how genomic variation modulates that expression.
… bank. The research groups will receive approximately $9 million in the first year, and nearly $15 million over … of cells and tissues, such as methylation patterns, protein levels and other characteristics, Dr. Volpi said that … find out, Dr. Akey and his coworkers plan to sequence the protein-coding genome regions of more than 15 tissue types …
News Release
NIH researchers have developed a breath test that measures how well patients with methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) respond to receiving liver or combined liver and kidney transplantation.
… mutase gene ( MMUT ), which encodes for the MMUT protein. People with this form of MMA have a deficiency in the MMUT protein, which plays a pivotal part in metabolism. The protein is involved in the biological steps that help break …
About Genomics
A introduction to basic concepts in genomics to help you understand your genome, how it works, and how it impacts your health.
… provides the cell with instructions for making a specific protein, which then carries out a particular function in your … genes arranged in roughly the same order and more than 99.9% of your DNA sequence is identical to any other human. … are enough to change the shape and function of a protein, how much protein is made, when it's made, or where …
Policy Issues
Scientists have edited genomes for many years, but CRISPR technology has improved the speed, cost, accuracy, and efficiency of genome editing
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… edit would require the construction of a new ZFN or TALEN protein, and engineering proteins can be a difficult process … specific genome sequences and cut them via the Cas9 protein, a protein that works with CRISPR and that has DNA-cutting …
News Release
NIH researchers have discovered a rare and sometimes lethal inflammatory disease - otulipenia - that primarily affects young children.
… They discovered a problem in the processing of a small protein, ubiquitin, which is critical to the regulation of … such as rheumatoid arthritis. "The malfunction in this protein has not been previously linked to clinical disorders … haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20) ( Same Immune Regulatory Protein Found to Play Instrumental Role in Two Hereditary …
Virtual Exhibit
The Human Genome Project changed traditional understandings of how and why scientific research is conducted. It was, however, not without its detractors. Early in 1990, there was an effort to stop funding for the nascent Human Genome Project, in the form of a letter writing campaign.
For Teachers
Tools and resources for teaching the concepts of transcription and translation, two key steps in gene expression
… the cytoplasm, where it directs the synthesis of the protein, which it encodes. Here is a more complete definition … RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. The genetic code describes the … material is designated as appropriate content for grades, 9-12, it would serve as an excellent introduction to the …
News Release
Researchers analyzing human, fly, and worm genomes have found these species have key genomic processes in common, reflecting their shared ancestry.
… detailed the similar ways in which the three species use protein packaging to compact DNA into the cell nucleus and to … Such elements include genes that code for proteins, non-protein-coding genes and regulatory elements that control … all three organisms, the gene expression levels for both protein-coding and non-protein-coding genes could be …